Aciclovir (Acyclovir) is an antiviral drug, also marketed under trade names Zovirax (Zovyrax) and Zovir. One of the most commonly-used antiviral drugs, it is primarily used for the treatment of herpes simplex virus infections, as well as in the treatment of herpes zoster (shingles). Aciclovir is extremely selective in its effects and low in cytotoxicity. Its special chemical formula puts it apart from previous analogues: it is a kind of prodrug which is administered in an inactive (or less active) form and is metabolised into a more active species after administration. That makes Aciclovir far more effective than any other traditional drug of the kind and the side effects of the treatment are minimized.

Acilovir is indicated for the treatment of Herpes simplex virus (HSV) and Varicella zoster virus (VZV) infections, including

Genital herpes simplex (treatment and prophylaxis)

Herpes simplex labialis (cold sores)

Herpes zoster (shingles)

Acute chickenpox in immunocompromised patients

Herpes simplex encephalitis

Acute mucocutaneous HSV infections in immunocompromised patients

Herpes simplex keratitis (ocular herpes)

Herpes simplex blepharitis (not to be mistaken with ocular herpes)

Bell's Palsy

It is also active against

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and

Cytomegalovirus (CMV)

Activity is predominantly against HSV, and to a lesser extent VZV. It is only of limited efficacy against EBV and CMV. It is inactive against latent viruses in nerve ganglia.

Aciclovir slows the growth and spread of the herpes virus so that the body can fight off the infection. The medication will not cure herpes, but it can lessen the symptoms of the infection.

Aciclovir is commonly marketed under the brand name Zovirax as tablets (200 mg - blue capsules, 400 mg - white, shield-shaped tablets and 800 mg - light-blue, oval tablets), topical cream (5%), intravenous injection (25 mg/mL) and ophthalmic ointment (3%). Zovirax suspension is available as 200 mg/5 mL - off-white, banana-flavored suspension.

Cream preparations are used primarily for labial herpes simplex. The intravenous injection is used when high concentrations of aciclovir are required. The ophthalmic ointment preparation is only used for herpes simplex keratitis.

In the case of oral and injection treatment, possible adverse effects include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and/or headache. Aciclovir topical cream is commonly associated (≥1% of patients) with: dry or flaking skin and/or transient stinging/burning sensations. Infrequent adverse effects include erythema and/or itch.

Since aciclovir can be incorporated also into the cellular DNA, it is a chromosome mutagen, therefore, its use should be avoided during pregnancy.

Do not take this medicine if you are allergic to Aciclovir (Zovirax) or valacyclovir (Valtrex). Before taking Aciclovir, tell your doctor if you are allergic to any drugs, or if you have kidney disease. You may need a dosage adjustment or special tests during treatment.

Take this medication exactly as it was prescribed for you. Do not take the medication in larger amounts, or take it for longer than recommended by your doctor. Follow the directions on your prescription label.

Herpes infections are contagious and you can infect other people, even while you are being treated with Aciclovir. Avoid letting infected areas come into contact with other people. Avoid touching an infected area and then touching your eyes. Wash your hands frequently to prevent passing the infection to others.

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